Topics
Hello World, printf and scanf
Write, compile and run a first C program that reads and prints values.
Memory and addresses
Where do variables live? See every int get its own address in memory.
Data types and sizeof
Pick int, float, char, double correctly and know how many bytes each uses.
Operators and tricky expressions
Predict results of /, %, ++, -- and precedence the way coding-test MCQs check them.
if/else and switch
Make decisions with conditions and choose cases with switch.
Loops: for, while, do-while
Repeat work with the right loop and trace the counter each pass.
Pattern programs (stars and numbers)
Use nested loops to print star, number and pyramid patterns.
Functions
Split code into reusable functions with parameters and return values.
Recursion
Understand how a function calling itself builds and unwinds the call stack.
Arrays and pointer arithmetic
Walk a pointer along an array and see why p++ adds 4 bytes, not 1.
2D arrays and matrices
Use rows and columns to store tables and do matrix addition/multiplication.
Strings and string functions
Know that a C string is a char array ending in '\0' and use strlen/strcpy/strcmp.
Pointers: & and *
Store an address in a pointer, follow it, and change a variable through it.
Swap with pointers
Watch stack frames appear and vanish as swap() changes main()'s variables.
Pointer arithmetic and arrays
Move a pointer through an array and see that arr[i] == *(arr+i).
Pointers and strings
Traverse and copy strings using char pointers.
Pointer to pointer
Understand int ** and why it is used (changing a pointer inside a function).
Dynamic memory: malloc, calloc, free
Allocate memory on the heap at runtime and release it.
Structures
Group related data of different types into one struct.
Arrays of structs and struct pointers
Use arrays of structures and access members with ->.
Unions, enums and typedef
Know when a union shares memory and how enums name constants.
Storage classes: auto, static, extern, register
Predict how static variables keep their value between calls (common MCQ).
Function pointers
Store and call functions through pointers (callbacks).
File handling
Read and write text files with fopen, fprintf, fscanf, fclose.
Your first linked list
Build nodes with malloc and link them with pointers (bridge to DSA).